Saving Ryots from throes
of suicide
By
Vanam Jwala Narasimha Rao
The Hans India (04-10-2015)
Every day in the recent past reports on farmer’s suicides in Telangana
State appear in the media often blaming the Government. Unfortunately, neither the
news nor the views on suicides ever go deep into the details to analyze the
overall picture that pushed the farmer to resort to the extreme decision of
committing suicide. Chief Minister K
Chandrashekhar Rao participating in the debate on the subject in the Assembly
reminded the members of the observation made by Chief Justice of Hyderabad High
Court that none of those who talk of suicides go deep in to the basics of issue
for an in-depth analysis.
As pointed out by CM in the Assembly decades of ill governance in the
undivided state resulting in non-completion of irrigation projects,
deforestation leading to less rainfall, drying of wells and bore wells, severe
power cuts, neglect of research in the Agriculture University, non-existent of
Agriculture extension work, negligible attention on productivity enhancement
over the years, inadequate storage systems for the produce etc caused suicides.
Unless long term corrective measures, which have been already initiated by the
present Government, are taken, the situation continues. Redesigning of
irrigation projects, providing minor irrigation through Mission Kakatiya,
adequate power supply to the farmer, ensuring of purchase of cotton by Cotton
Corporation of India etc are some of these measures. Similarly a strategy has
to be drawn as to what the government may do in one year, in two years as well
as plan short term and long term measures.
Against this background how do we understand the agony of Telangana
farmer? There are multiple reasons for suicides. It is not mere compensation or
ex gratia that solves the problem but something more. It is a known fact that
the agrarian crisis is not limited to Telangana or India but has become an
international phenomenon. As long as human race exists there has to be agriculture
because one has to eat for survival. Ideally speaking, the present farming is
not in tune with advanced trends and needs overhaul. To overcome disadvantage
of small holdings which do not yield profitable product to the farmer, consolidation
of holdings would help in a big way. This issue is prominent particularly among
Dalit Farmers. This could be done in certain framework advantageous to farmer.
As announced by CM in the Assembly relief in the form of waiving of
registration fee for consolidation is yet another solution.
Overall if we see issues like land related litigations, spurious seed
related problems, timely fertilizer and pesticide supplies, in the absence of
adequate labor force improving mechanization methods in farming, imparting
required knowhow through training and extension work, productivity increasing
technology and innovations, modern harvesting technology, scientific marketing
strategies, credit facility at affordable interest rates, adequate and timely
assured power supply, developing the irrigation sector, scientific water
management technology, supportive structures including non-farming activity
like dairy, fishery etc are to be
addressed on a long term and short term basis. Addressing the problem by way of
crop insurance and farmer insurance may also be given a thought. Whether the
insurance company would be able to compensate the entire crop loss or it would
also be as one of the measures of relief needs to be studied. Probably crop
insurance may not be a comprehensive solution for the loss of crop but what
could be the modalities to go for this has to be analyzed. As CM said in the
Assembly private money lending has to be curbed.
Recording of crop pattern is another answer. Those who supply spurious
seeds are to be dealt with severe punishment. Similarly the farming
mechanization aspect would probably be another answer for avoiding farmer
suicides. What exactly should be the farm mechanization? This includes mainly
land preparation like ploughing, cultivation, irrigation, spraying etc. In rest
of the activities it may not be of much use for the time being and may be given
a thought later. Increasing the extension of micro irrigation is another
solution.
Why should a situation arise wherein a farmer resorts to commit
suicide? It is definitely cumulative contributing factors over a period that
has caused this. They are not happening in one go and hence they could not be
avoided in one go overnight. Had the projects said to have been conceived by
the erstwhile undivided state governments been completed this situation would
not have arisen. Both Agriculture University and department have been
deliberately subjected to diminish it importance. As CM mentioned in the
Assembly there are large number of vacancies there and in the absence of proper
personnel the extension work has been abandoned systematically. There are no
Agronomists. Research in the University is literally killed.
Telangana State is supposed to be the seed bowl of India and also may
be for the world. Further strengthening of this area will also help the farmer
to earn additional income. The domestic need of the seed and the export
potential to other states and countries needs to be analyzed. Cultivable land
has to be divided in to different crop colonies. A beginning in this direction
should be made with a qualitative change first and later move towards
quantitative change. Adequate marketing support is another solution to the
problem which the government is taking care of. In addition to the routine
crops farmer should be encouraged to grow vegetables. It is surprising that
vegetable requirement of Hyderabad is met from imports produced in places like Sangli.
Why not they are grown in the lands around Hyderabad in the nearby districts?
Agriculture University should also concentrate on deciding lands that are
useful for vegetable production and encourage the farmer to go for it. This
would be another measure to prevent farmer suicides.
Many of the issues raised are being tackled by the state government in
addition to enhancement of ex gratia to Rs. 6 lakhs to the farmer’s family who
committed suicide. They include among others loan waiving to an extent of Rs.
One Lakh, payment of input subsidy, keep in reserve buffer stocks in adequate
quantities of fertilizers, increase the number of godowns, exemption of tax on
tractors for agriculture use, provision of subsidy for sprinklers for micro
irrigation, establishment of Mark fed centers, construction of warehouse,
increased cotton procurement, support price for maize and red sorghum,
efficient distribution of seeds etc.
It is only long-term measures that would help the farmer and would be
the solution to avoid suicides. Resorting to the extreme step of committing
suicide is no solution. Politicizing the
issue is certainly not an answer to put an end to the problem. End
One observation is that the Market Vendors in Gaddiannaram Fruit Market are taking a bribe of 4%.I think the commission is 4% and there is a bribe of 4%.If the Govt could curb this and we could hear that it would be a great thing.Second point is that most of the tenant farmers are not able to get any assistance.Land Owners are scared to put it on paper out of fear that land would be given to the tiller if it is given for a continuous 7 years.The end result is that none of the Tenant Farmers are technically on paper and are not getting any assistance pushing them to financial troubles.To change the second one,it might take a little more time but stopping the bribe in markets is the immediate thing the Govt could do.Points are subject to correction as my knowledge might be limited in these areas.By Sravanth Poreddy
ReplyDeleteDear Jwala garu, Ofcourse the responsible agency is the Govt for any forceful death of farmers or others since it is the Govt which creates and nurtures social situations. Govt cant escape responsibility. All leaders and political parties are concerned about farmers` suicides and all of them did their best subject to their understanding of the problem and ofcourse subject to democratic political strategies of offence and defence. Each party spent thousands of crores of Rupees on free power, loan waiver, subsidies, compensations etc. Still suicides continued or even rised. This means that there are some other reasons too. In my openion they are 1) small holdings and 2) private loans. We have to relieve the farmer from private debt and should see that he does not fall prey again.We should also instill confidence in the farmers that the Govt would come to their rescue. we should do re-unification of the holdings or encourage co-operative farming whereby small farmers can hand over thir land to these co-op societies and relocate themselves in other areas or other trades or businesses and save lives. 99% of the farmers who died were holding 3 acres or less or they were tenant farmers. The Govt can form comittees and send to villages to give counselling and morale boost to the small and tenant farmers and settle their private dues as if he were an insolvent. If the lenders do not come forward for settlement, we can think of a legal IP also. Make Promisory notes registerable and getting unfilled papers punishable and declare allowable interest rate so that lenders dont take so many un filled papers which is a grave concern and threatening for the loanees. The number of farmers suicides have been much more than who died in terrorist or extremist movements or any other movements or even in war with pakisthan or road accidents. Thus the Govt should not hesitate to take serious steps such as re-unification of agricultural holdingd, co-operative farming or private loan settlements. By Eswarapragada Haribabu
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