AI (Artificial Intelligence) and Erosion of Rights
(Abusing Artificial
Intelligence for suppressing genuine dissent
of citizens
amounts to undermining their Rights)
Vanam Jwala
Narasimha Rao
Telangana
Today (01-08-2024)
By and
large, Artificial Intelligence (AI)-savvy professionals, for instance,
astrologers, instead of illustrating horoscope charts by using an almanack,
prefer computerized, ready-made charts for which familiarity rather than
professionalism is enough. Prolonged rigorous training under a teacher (guru)
for acquiring professional skills in fields like mathematics, pure sciences,
astrology, Vaastu, astronomy and literature is now substituted by the click of
a mouse. This inevitability even extends to fields like engineering, movie
production and medicine. AI algorithms are now extensively used in analyzing
medical imaging data, diagnosing patients and even robotic surgeries. Telugu
Avadhanis adopting AI to augment their skills could be a reality soon!
Quite a few
books featuring dystopian themes depicted human nature outside the normal
structure of the state and society. About 55 years ago, the late Dr AP Ranga
Rao, a voracious reader, presented me with a few books on this subject for
reading, including The Time Machine, Brave New World, 1984, Future Shock and
The R Document. The framework, perception, theme, and significance of these
dystopian-themed books are flawlessly relevant to the prevalent AI-powered
scenario in several aspects. ‘Kalki Movie’ Director-Producer shrewdly
struggled cloning an established ‘Dystopian Theme’ but in vain.
Wells’
Vision
The Time
Machine by HG Wells, published in 1895, is about a Victorian scientist known as
the Time Traveler who travels approximately 8,00,806 years into the future.
Wells’ vision of a distant future where technology has dramatically altered
society echoes with today’s ponderings about the longstanding impacts of AI and
other emerging technologies. The book depicts the potential consequences of
technological advancement either in achieving great progress or in leading to
violence and intellectual stagnation. The inherent ‘social theme’ indicates
social division and the digital divide.
Huxley and
Freedom
The science
fiction novel Brave New World, published in 1932 and authored by Aldous Huxley,
foresaw a world that included space travel, private helicopters, genetically
engineered test tube babies, etc. It is thus set in a futuristic world characterized
by technological advancements, rigid social hierarchy, and the absence of
personal freedoms. Human cloning through multiple embryos from a single egg,
enabling mass production of uniform groups of individuals, is the key
characteristic in this book. These embryos are incubated to undergo ‘genetic
engineering’ and conditioning to fit into predetermined ‘social classes’ or
‘social hierarchy’ and intelligence levels, categorized as Alphas, Betas,
Gammas, Deltas and Epsilons. Social castes are reinforced with genetic
alterations.
Alphas hold
leadership positions. Epsilons are used for menial tasks. Though the test-tube
baby term was not explicitly used in the book, Huxley’s concept became a
reality on July 25, 1978, 46 years after the book was published. Louise Joy
Brown, the world’s first test-tube baby, was born in Britain. Robert G Edwards,
the consultant physiologist, was awarded the Nobel Prize in 2010. The fiction
explores themes of individuality, freedom, and the cost of a technologically
advanced but dehumanized society, ethical issues related to the manipulation of
human intelligence and free will, etc.
Orwell’s
Big Brother
Indian-born
George Orwell, the pen name of Eric Arthur Blair, in 1984, published in 1949,
thematically brought out the consequences of totalitarianism, mass surveillance
and repressive regimentation of people and behaviors within society, leading to
manipulation of truth and information and loss of individual freedom. The
author cautioned citizens that they should allow their governments only limited
power. Orwell depicts the evils through the slogan ‘Big Brother is watching
you’ to explain how people are subjected to constant surveillance to ensure
authoritarianism. The book underscores the importance of freedom, privacy, and
resistance in the face of oppression. The present-day rise of AI-driven
surveillance technologies and their extensive abuse in media are Orwell’s
themes.
Toffler and
Wallace
Rapid
technological and societal change, information overload, psychological and
social effects of accelerated change, etc. are the key themes in Alvin
Toffler’s Future Shock, published in 1970. Today’s technology-based AI may be
cited as a perfect example of this accelerated change that Toffler predicted.
Toffler’s concerns about information overload and social impact are also highly
relevant in the present-day context.
The R
Document, a political and legal thriller by Irving Wallace published in 1976,
revolves around the idea of a government conspiracy to abolish civil liberties
in the name of national security. and recounts a secret coup d’état by the
Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation to void the Bill of Rights, and
assume power in USA. It explores themes of power, control, and resistance. In
today’s AI context, this book is broadly relevant as it depicts the potential
for abuse of technologies by governments or powerful entities. The narrative
underscores the tension between security and freedom (CC Cameras) in
Surveillance, law enforcement, and national security. Some feel that Wallace
got the theme after Indira Gandhi declared Emergency in 1975 since the book was
published a year later.
Shocks and
Control
Rapid
technological and societal change discussed by Toffler in Future Shock aligns
with the sophisticated control systems in Huxley’s Brave New World, where
technology essentially shapes every aspect of life, leading to potential
‘shock’ if individuals cannot adapt quickly enough. Huxley’s world is seen as a
possible evolution of the societal divisions explored by Wells in The Time
Machine. The intelligence-based neo-caste system in Brave New World reflects the
technologically enforced formation of classes and categories, leading to a
stage shaped by unequal access to AI and other technologies. 1984 focuses on
control through fear and repression, and Brave New World uses pleasure and
conditioning. Both reflect different dystopian outcomes of technological
misuse, highlighting how AI could be abused to manipulate and control societies
in contrasting ways.
In Huxley’s
world, technology is used to control and condition the population, akin to AI
and data analytics that are used today to influence behaviour and decisions. AI’s rapid development may lead to
societal stress and disorientation, as predicted by Toffler. It has the
potential to widen social and economic gaps, creating a state where access to
and control of technology determines societal roles, as envisioned by Wells.
The advancement of AI in surveillance and data collection brings Orwell’s
vision of a monitored society closer to reality. The Aadhaar-based cybercrime
is one such danger.
Presenting
visions of societal transformation driven by technology is common theme in
these books. Disorienting Pace of Change in ‘Future Shock,’ Speculation on the
long-term evolution of society in ‘The Time Machine,’ Warning of Authoritarian
Control in ‘1984’, Depiction of pleasure-seeking controlled populace in ‘Brave
New World’, Importance of Vigilance and Resistance against abuse of Powerful
Technologies in ‘R-Document’ among other aspects explore how ‘Human
Experiences are adversely Reshaped by Technology’ from psychological
impacts and societal divisions to control and loss of freedom.
Each book
has its own perspective on impacting present and future, highlighting the need
for thoughtful consideration of social, and political dimensions of AI. They
specially underscore ethical imperatives and implications of ‘Artificial
Intelligence and Technological Advancements’ in today's society. In
Essence, these books together and singly caution about the ‘Velocity of Change,’
potential for societal division, and the risks of authoritarian control, all of
which are highly relevant as individuals navigate the future of AI and
technology.
More
important is, ‘Abusing Artificial Intelligence’ for controlling,
and suppressing ‘Genuine Dissent of Citizen’ amounts to ‘Erosion
of Rights.’
(The author
is an independent journalist)